Linde Plc
LIN
Industrial Inorganic Chemicals
Mkt Cap
$206.9BPE
32.80Debt
$20.32BCash
$4.848BEV
$222.4BFCF
$5.345BP/E Ratio
32.80Debt
$20.32BCash
$4.848BEV
$222.4BFCF
$5.345BCharts data: {"Earnings":[{"time":"2016-12-30","value":1500000000},{"time":"2018-12-30","value":4381000000},{"time":"2019-12-30","value":2285000000},{"time":"2020-12-30","value":2501000000},{"time":"2021-12-30","value":3826000000},{"time":"2022-12-30","value":4147000000},{"time":"2023-12-30","value":6199000000}],"Sales":[{"time":"2016-12-30","value":10534000000},{"time":"2018-12-30","value":14900000000},{"time":"2019-12-30","value":28228000000},{"time":"2020-12-30","value":27243000000},{"time":"2021-12-30","value":30793000000},{"time":"2022-12-30","value":33364000000},{"time":"2023-12-30","value":32854000000}],"Net Margins":[{"time":"2016-12-30","value":0.1423960508828555},{"time":"2018-12-30","value":0.2940268456375839},{"time":"2019-12-30","value":0.08094799489868217},{"time":"2020-12-30","value":0.09180339903828506},{"time":"2021-12-30","value":0.12424901763387783},{"time":"2022-12-30","value":0.12429564800383647},{"time":"2023-12-30","value":0.18868326535581664}],"Assets":[{"time":"2018-12-30","value":93386000000},{"time":"2019-12-30","value":86612000000},{"time":"2020-12-30","value":88229000000},{"time":"2021-12-30","value":81605000000},{"time":"2022-12-30","value":79658000000},{"time":"2023-12-30","value":80811000000}],"Stockholders Equity":[{"time":"2016-12-30","value":5441000000},{"time":"2018-12-30","value":57080000000},{"time":"2019-12-30","value":51522000000},{"time":"2020-12-30","value":49569000000},{"time":"2021-12-30","value":45428000000},{"time":"2022-12-30","value":41374000000},{"time":"2023-12-30","value":41082000000}],"ROE":[{"time":"2016-12-30","value":0.27568461679838263},{"time":"2018-12-30","value":0.07675192711983181},{"time":"2019-12-30","value":0.0443499864135709},{"time":"2020-12-30","value":0.050454921422663356},{"time":"2021-12-30","value":0.08422118517214053},{"time":"2022-12-30","value":0.10023202977715473},{"time":"2023-12-30","value":0.1508933352806582}],"ROA":[{"time":"2018-12-30","value":0.05622898507270897},{"time":"2019-12-30","value":0.03707338475038101},{"time":"2020-12-30","value":0.04149429325958585},{"time":"2021-12-30","value":0.06526560872495558},{"time":"2022-12-30","value":0.07306234150995505},{"time":"2023-12-30","value":0.10478771454381211}]}
Linde plc operates as an industrial gas company in North and South America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and the Asia Pacific. It offers atmospheric gases, including oxygen, nitrogen, argon, and rare gases; and process gases, such as carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen, electronic gases, specialty gases, and acetylene. The company also designs and constructs turnkey process plants for third-party customers, as well as for the gas businesses in various locations, such as air separation, hydrogen, synthesis, olefin, and natural gas plants. It serves a range of industries, including healthcare, chemicals and energy, manufacturing, metals and mining, food and beverage, and electronics. The company was founded in 1879 and is based in Woking, the United Kingdom.
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DCF
Discounted Cash Flow Valuation of Linde Plc
Value
Growth
%
%
Discount
%
%
Multiple
| g\r | +10% | +11% | +12% | +13% | +14% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0% | 10 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 7 |
| +1% | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 8 |
| +2% | 13 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 |
| +3% | 14 | 13 | 11 | 10 | 9 |
| +4% | 17 | 14 | 12 | 11 | 10 |
| Years | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | TV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FCF | $5.345B | $6.932B | $8.8B | $10.93B | $13.28B | $15.76B | $18.28B | $20.7B | $22.87B | $24.64B | $25.87B | $258.7B |
| DCF | $6.028B | $6.654B | $7.186B | $7.59B | $7.835B | $7.902B | $7.78B | $7.475B | $7.003B | $6.394B | $63.94B | |
| Value | $135.8B | |||||||||||
In the chart Earnings are multiplied by this value.
Earnings Growth 34%
Earnings Stability -6.6%
Competitiveness and MOAT
High margins render the company resilient under dire circumstances, hence able to drive competitors out or acquire them. ROE and ROA measure the average flow generated by each invested dollar. Their marginal value is a forecast of future growth, and it is considered by Buffett and Munger the most important single indicator.
| Years | 12-2016 | 12-2018 | 12-2019 | 12-2020 | 12-2021 | 12-2022 | 12-2023 | TTM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net Margin | 14% | 29% | 8.1% | 9.2% | 12% | 12% | 19% | 19% |
| ROA | - | 5.6% | 3.7% | 4.1% | 6.5% | 7.3% | 10% | 11% |
| ROE | 28% | 7.7% | 4.4% | 5% | 8.4% | 10% | 15% | 16% |
What is the average Net Margin?
The average Net Margin over the past 5 years is +15.07%.
What is the trend of Net Margin?
The trend of Net Margin over the past 5 years is -1.04%.
What is the average Return on Assets (ROA)?
The average ROA over the past 5 years is +6.3%.
What is the trend of Return on Assets (ROA)?
The trend of ROA over the past 5 years is +1.07%.
What is the average Return on Equity (ROE)?
The average ROE over the past 5 years is +8.45%.
What is the trend of Return on Equity (ROE)?
The trend of ROE over the past 5 years is +1.63%.
Safety & Stabiliy
Being debt the number one cause of investment losses and company death, the ratio Debt/FCF is of utmost importance to guarantee safety. On the other hand the Graham’s stability measures the drawdown of earnings, hence indicating the reliability of the flow generated by the company.
| Years | 12-2016 | 12-2018 | 12-2019 | 12-2020 | 12-2021 | 12-2022 | 12-2023 | TTM | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debt FCF | - | - | 5.73 | 4.01 | 2.22 | 3.15 | 3.51 | 3.80 | ||
| Debt Equity | - | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.33 | 0.32 | 0.43 | 0.47 | 0.51 | ||
| MIN | ||||||||||
| Graham Stability | - | - | - | 92% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 92% | ||
What is the Debt/FCF?
The Debt/FCF trailing twelve month is 3.80.
What is the trend of Debt/FCF?
The trend of Debt/FCF over the past 5 years is -0.53.
What is the Graham’s Stability?
Graham’s Stability measure stands at 0.92.
Growth
Growth can be dangerous when forecasting, simply projecting the current growth is in general wrong. A company passes through multiple phases, from being young and unprofitable, to the first periods of profitability and high growth, until it arrives at a period of regime with limited growth. Identifying in which phase the company is in may help forecasting.
| Years | 12-2018 | 12-2020 | 12-2022 | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 17% | 6.4% | -1.5% | -13% |
| Net Income | 7.2% | 35% | 49% | -14% |
| Stockholders Equity | -6.4% | -6.1% | -0.71% | -140% |
| FCF | 26% | 11% | -3% | -9.7% |
What is the 5 year Revenue CAGR?
The Revenue CAGR over the past 5 years is +17.13%.
What is the trend of Revenue growth?
The trend of Revenue growth rate over the past 5 years is -12.62%.
What is the 5 year Earnings CAGR?
The Earnings CAGR over the past 5 years is +7.19%.
What is the trend of Earnings growth?
The trend of Earnings growth rate over the past 5 years is -14.31%.
What is the 5 year Equity CAGR?
The Equity CAGR over the past 5 years is -6.37%.
What is the trend of Equity growth?
The trend of Equity growth rate over the past 5 years is -135.74%.
What is the 5 year FCF CAGR?
The FCF CAGR over the past 5 years is +25.52%.
What is the trend of FCF growth?
The trend of FCF growth rate over the past 5 years is -9.72%.